The Effects Of Drinking Water On The Water - 1448 Words

Background I went scuba diving this past summer and my instructor told me that there is only about 0.7% available as fresh drinkable water. I understand the importance of water which is what got me thinking about ways to increase that percentage of the fresh drinking water in the world. I was walking on the Lenape trail next to Mill Pond, which is a local trail, and I saw the water did not look very clean because it is township property and the township may not be able to clean the water. So I decided that I would help clean the pond, but how? I did some research and found out that there are several substances used to filter water (Gravel and Sand). I decided to make an experiment to find out which substance would best filter the†¦show more content†¦Solutions with a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline. Pure water has a pH very close to 7 Nitrate level: Nitrates are inorganic compounds made up of nitrogen and oxygen. Water Pollution: Water Pollution is the contamination of water bodies. It occurs when pollutants are directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds Hypothesis I hypothesized that gravel will best filter waste from pond water because gravel is a permeable substance/ material meaning that gravel has a lot of pores which can trap some of the dirt particles. Materials Procedure Part 1: 1. Measure 250 mL of the pond water and measure the pH, Nitrate level, and observe/ record the turbidity of the water 2. Take one of the glass jars and place a coffee filter on top, then pour some of the pond water over the filter. 3. Re- measure the pH, Nitrate level, and turbidity of the water to see if there was any change and record the data. Part 2: 4. Wash the sand with filtered tap water in order to clean the sand 5. Now take another glass jar and place a coffee filter. On top of the filter place about one gram of sand. Pour the 250 mL of pond water over the sand. 6. Measure the pH and turbidity of the filtered water 7. Now use another gram of sand and re-filter the same water. Measure the pH, Nitrate level, and turbidity of the

Mba Research Methodology Mb 0050 Free Essays

string(72) " focus on the problem and phrase it in analytical or operational terms\." RESEARCH METHODOLOGY MB 0050 [pic] Name: XXXXX Roll number: XXXX Learning centre: XXXX Subject: MB 0050- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Assignment No. : Set 1 Date of submission at learning centre: [pic] ASSIGNMENTS Subject code: MB0050 (4 credits) Marks 60 subject NAME: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Note: Each Question carries 10 marks Q1)a. Differentiate between nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio scales, with an example of each. We will write a custom essay sample on Mba Research Methodology Mb 0050 or any similar topic only for you Order Now b. What are the purposes of measurement in social science research? a. Types of scales: Ans) There are four types of data that may be gathered in social research, each one adding more to the next. Thus ordinal data is also nominal, and so on. Nominal The name ‘Nominal’ comes from the Latin nomen, meaning ‘name’ and nominal data are items which are differentiated by a simple naming system. The only thing a nominal scale does is to say that items being measured have something in common, although this may not be described. Nominal items may have numbers assigned to them. This may appear ordinal but is not — these are used to simplify capture and referencing. Nominal items are usually categorical, in that they belong to a definable category, such as ’employees’. Example The number pinned on a sports person. A set of countries. Ordinal Items on an ordinal scale are set into some kind of order by their position on the scale. This may indicate such as temporal position, superiority, etc. The order of items is often defined by assigning numbers to them to show their relative position. Letters or other sequential symbols may also be used as appropriate. Ordinal items are usually categorical, in that they belong to a definable category, such as ‘1956 marathon runners’. You cannot do arithmetic with ordinal numbers — they show sequence only. Example The first, third and fifth person in a race. Pay bands in an organization, as denoted by A, B, C and D. Interval Interval data (also sometimes called integer) is measured along a scale in which each position is equidistant from one another. This allows for the distance between two pairs to be equivalent in some way. This is often used in psychological experiments that measure attributes along an arbitrary scale between two extremes. Interval data cannot be multiplied or divided. Example My level of happiness, rated from 1 to 10. Temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit. Ratio In a ratio scale, numbers can be compared as multiples of one another. Thus one person can be twice as tall as another person. Important also, the number zero has meaning. Thus the difference between a person of 35 and a person 38 is the same as the difference between people who are 12 and 15. A person can also have an age of zero. Ratio data can be multiplied and divided because not only is the difference between 1 and 2 the same as between 3 and 4, but also that 4 is twice as much as 2. Interval and ratio data measure quantities and hence are quantitative. Because they can be measured on a scale, they are also called scale data. Example A person’s weight The number of pizzas I can eat before fainting b. Purpose of measurement in social science. One of the primary purposes of classifying variables according to their level or scale of measurement is to facilitate the choice of a statistical test used to analyze the data. There are certain statistical analyses which are only meaningful for data which are measured at certain measurement scales. For example, it is generally inappropriate to compute the mean for Nominal variables. Suppose you had 20 subjects, 12 of which were male, and 8 of which were female. If you assigned males a value of ‘1’ and females a value of ‘2’, could you compute the mean sex of subjects in your sample? It is possible to compute a mean value, but how meaningful would that be? How would you interpret a mean sex of 1. 4? When you are examining a Nominal variable such as sex, it is more appropriate to compute a statistic such as a percentage (60% of the sample was male). When a research wishes to examine the relationship or association between two variables, there are also guidelines concerning which statistical tests are appropriate. For example, let’s say a University administrator was interested in the relationship between student gender (a Nominal variable) and major field of study (another Nominal variable). In this case, the most appropriate measure of association between gender and major would be a Chi-Square test. Let’s say our University administrator was interested in the relationship between undergraduate major and starting salary of students’ first job after graduation. In this case, salary is not a Nominal variable; it is a ratio level variable. The appropriate test of association between undergraduate major and salary would be a one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), to see if the mean starting salary is related to undergraduate major. Finally, suppose we were interested in the relationship between undergraduate grade point average and starting salary. In this case, both grade point average and starting salary are ratio level variables. Now, neither Chi-square nor ANOVA would be appropriate; instead, we would look at the relationship between these two variables using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Q2) a. What are the sources from which one may be able to identify research problems? b. Why literature survey is important in research? Ans: Identifying research Problem This involves the identification of a general topic and formulating it into a specific research problem. It requires thorough understanding of the problem and rephrasing it in meaningful terms from an analytical point of view. Types of Research Projects †¢ those that relate to states of nature those which relate to relationships between variables In understanding the problem, it is helpful to discuss it with colleagues or experts in the field. It is also necessary to examine conceptual and empirical literature on the subject. After the literature review, the researcher is able to focus on the problem and phrase it in analytical or operational terms. You read "Mba Research Methodology Mb 0050" in category "Free Research Paper Samples" The task of defining the research problem is of greatest importance in the ent ire research process. Being able to define the problem unambiguously helps the researcher in discriminating relevant data from irrelevant ones. Extensive literature review Review of literature is a systematic process that requires careful and perceptive reading and attention to detail. In the review of the literature, the researcher attempts to determine what others have learned about similar research problems. It is important in the following ways: †¢ specifically limiting and identifying the research problem and possible hypothesis or research questions i. e. sharpening the focus of the research. †¢ informing the researcher of what has already been done in the area. This helps to avoid exact duplication. If one had the literature and exercised enough patience and industry in reviewing available literature, it may well be that his problem has already been solved by someone somewhere some time ago and he will save himself the trouble. † Nwana (1982). †¢ Providing insights into possible research designs and methods of conducting the research and interpreting the results. †¢ Providing suggestions for possible modifications in the research to avoid unanticipated difficulties. The library is the most likely physical location for the research literature. Within the library there is access to books, periodicals, technical reports and academic theses. Other sources are the Education Index and the Educational Resources information centre (ERIC). Computer-assisted searchers of literature have become very common today. They have the advantage of comprehensiveness and speed. They are also very cost-effective in terms of time and effort although access to some of the databases requires payment. Irrespective of the sources of the literature, ethics of research require that the source is acknowledged through a clear system of referencing. . Why Literature survey is important in research? Doing a literature survey before you begin your investigation enables you to take advantage of the unique human capacity to pass on detailed written information from one generation to another. Reading all the knowledge that’s accumulated so far on the problem you want to study can be time-consuming and even tedious. But careful evaluation of that mater ial helps make your investigation worthwhile by alerting you to knowledge already gained and problems already encountered in your areas of interest. A literature survey amounts to reading available material on a given topic, analyzing and organizing findings, and producing a summary. There are many sources for literature reviews, including journals of general interest in each discipline, such as the American Political Science Review. There are also journals for specific topics such as the Leadership and Organization Development Journal. Governments publish great quantities of data on many topics. The United Nations and the United States Government Printing Office are two major sources. In addition, businesses and private organizations gather and publish information you might find useful. For certain problems you may want to search through popular or non-scholarly periodicals as well. While it’s customary to include only data from sources that actually research the problem in a precise fashion, articles in more popular sources may provide interesting insight or orientations. Talking to knowledgeable people may also give you information that helps you formulate your problem. Thoroughness is the key. Most libraries have staff trained in information retrieval who can help find sources and suggest strategies to review the iterature. The Internet, of course, now allows easy access to limitless information on given topics. Thoroughness in your review means not only finding all current publications on a topic but locating earlier writing as well. There’s no easy rule for how long ago literature was published on your topic. The time varies from problem to prob lem. A useful way to locate past as well as current writing is to begin with the most current sources likely to contain relevant material. Then, follow these authors’ footnotes and bibliographies. At some point in this search you’ll find the material is beginning to be only peripherally related to your current interest or that authors claim originality for their work. Of course, doing a goodliterature surveyis easier when you know a great deal about the subject already. In such a case you’d probably be familiar with publications and even other people who do research in your area of interest. But for the novice, efficient use of library/Internet services and organizing how they check sources are especially important skills. Having located literature, keeping a checklist of useful information will help you read each source. You might ask yourself, particularly for research articles: 1. What was the exact problem studied? 2. How were the topics of interest defined? 3. What did the authors expect to find? 4. How were things measured? 5. What research did this author cite? Have you read it? 6. Who were the subjects of study? 7. What do the results show? 8. Do the data presented agree with the written conclusions? 9. What were the limitations of the study? A thorough literature survey should demonstrate that you’ve carefully read and evaluated each article or book. Because research reports can be tedious and difficult to understand for new researchers, many tend to read others’ conclusions or summaries and take the author’s word that the data actually support the conclusions. Careful reading of both tables and text for awhile will convince you they don’t always agree. Sometimes data are grossly misinterpreted in the text, but on other occasions authors are more subtle. Consider, for example, the following statements: Fully 30 percent of the sample said they did not vote. Only 30 percent of the sample said they did not vote. The percentage is the same, but the impression conveyed is decidedly different. Reading the actual data before accepting the author’s conclusions will help prevent some of these errors of interpretation from creeping into your own research. It’s important that after you finish your reading, you’re able to write your literature survey in a way that’s clear, organizing what you know about the content and methods used to study your problem. You may find it helpful to record information about each source on a separate card or piece of paper so that information can later be reshuffled, compared, and otherwise reorganized. Note in most journal articles that what probably began as a long literature survey is usually condensed on the first few pages of the research report, explaining previous research on the problem and how the current study will contribute. You, too, want to add to this growing body of knowledge we call social science by a creative summary of what’s been accomplished by others as well as by your own research. Q3) a. What are the characteristics of a good research design? b. What are the components of a research design? Ans) Research Design – Definition A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose witheconomy in procedure†Is the conceptual structure within which research is conducted; it constitutes theblueprint for the collection, measurement and analysis of data more explicitly: i. What is the study about? ii. Why is the study being conducted? iii. Where will the study be carried out? iv. What type of data is required? v. Where can the required data be found? Components of research design http://www. google. co. in/url? a=t=j=components%20of%20research%20design=web=3=0CDIQFjAC=http%3A%2F%2Fposta. marmara. edu. tr%2F~sozmen%2F2003-2004%2Fresearch_methodology%2Fweek_4. doc= KgOgTo-aEofqrAeFkbWNAw=AFQjCNG1ctNqNjUq_ils-O4muicz4Z2eBA=RFuXRcsnlsSIOe9zWHhr5A=rja 4. a. Distinguish between Doubles sampling and multiphase sampling. [ 5 marks] b. What is replicated or interpenetrating sampling? [ 5 marks] http://wiki. answers. com/Q/What_is_double_sampling http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Multistage_sampling http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Replication_(statistics) https://onlinecourses. science. psu. du/stat506/node/54 5. a. How is secondary data useful to researcher? [ 5 marks] b. What are the criteria used for evaluation of secondary data? [ 5 marks] http://www. steppingstones. ca/artman/publish/article_60. shtml http://www. change. freeuk. com/lea rning/resmeth/secondary. html 6. What are the differences between observation and interviewing as methods of data collection? Give two specific examples of situations where either observation or interviewing would be more appropriate. [10 marks]. †¢ http://www. differencebetween. com/difference-between-observation-and-vs-interviewing-as-methods-of-data-collection/ How to cite Mba Research Methodology Mb 0050, Essays

Method of Accounting Cocoa Ltd

Question: Discuss about the Method of Accounting for Cocoa Ltd. Answer: Introduction Ethics is a behavioral aspect that involves study of the circumstances and finding out what is right and what is wrong. Ethics is an important aspect in the field of accounting because test of moral conducts and evaluation of right or wrong is made at various stages in the accounting profession (Onyebuchi, 2011). For example, the accounting standards permit use of different policies; the choice of a particular policy for self interest may be unethical in certain circumstances. The professional accountants owe duty to guide the management in opting accounting policies that meet the standards of ethics. Inculcating the ethical behavior in the accountants and commanding their work so that standards of ethics are not breached has become really important. In the past many big corporations such as Enron, Worldcom, and Tyco doomed to failure because of breaching the principles of ethics in financial reporting (Porter and Norton, 2016). In the context developed above, a case of Cocoa Ltd has been analyzed. This case involves ethical issues in accounting which are the subject matter of discussion in this paper. Further, this paper also highlights the stakeholders the interest of whom will be affected due to the breach of ethical principles in accounting and financial reporting. The entire discussion on ethics and corporate governance will be produced in the context of depreciation accounting which is the central theme of this paper. The relevant provisions of AASB 116 that deals with the matter connected with accounting for depreciation. Ethics and Governance in Accounting The governance implies controlling, directing, and monitoring the activities in an organization. It is the top management in every organization that takes responsibility of implementing the governance system. Implementation of the Governance system is crucial to achieve the organizational goals and objectives (Onyebuchi, 2011). This is the reason that the regulators all around the world has made it obligatory for the companies to have stringent governance mechanism. The activities of the organization in every sphere, either its accounting, marketing, or administration are compulsorily to be directed and monitored by the governance mechanism. It is always perceived that good governance not only helps the organization in meeting out with the legal requirements but it also aids in attaining the business objectives (Akinkoye and Olasanmi, 2014). The good governance emphasizes on balancing the needs of all the stakeholders such as owners, management, customers, suppliers, lenders, government, and the society (Calder, 2008). It should be kept in mind that the advantages of goods governance accrue in the long term. The companies which deviate from the concepts of ethics or does not follow the principles of ethics and governance create hurdles in achieving their vision and mission. The impact of non compliance with the principles of ethics is so severe that it affects all the stakeholders. Failure of the company does not only affect the owners but it affects entire society and economy at large. The bigger the size of the company wider will be impact on the society and the environment (Calder, 2008). Thus, in order to achieve the long term goals, mission, and the vision, the companies should have adequate governance and controlling mechanism. In particular, the activities in the flied of accounting should be guided by the set of rules promulgated by the governance system (Calder, 2008). Further, the professionals in the field of accounting should adhere to the ethical principles and the rules of conduct while discharging their duties. The accountants should comply with the provisions of accounting standards and other regulatory requirements in regard to financial reporting. For instance, in the present case of Cocoa Ltd, the accountant is in ethical dilemma in regard to compliance with requirement of AASB 116 which deals with accounting for depreciation. The AASB 116 provided various methods to charge depreciation on the assets leaving choice of a particular method on the discretion of the entities (Dagwell, Wines, and Lambert, 2011). In this regard, from the ethical view point, it is crucial to note that the method of depreciation selected should be applied consistently and the change should be for appropriate reasons. The appropriateness of the reason is the matter of ethical concern. Depreciation Methods The provisions of AASB 116, Property, Plant, and Equipment state that the entity is free to choose the method of depreciation (AASB 116, 2016). However, whichever method is chosen, it should reflect the pattern of consumption of the expected future benefits that the entity expects from utilization of the asset. The primary methods of charging depreciation are straight line, diminishing value, production units, and sum of years digit method. Each method has its own peculiarities that differ from the other. The straight line method computes equal depreciation for each year throughout the useful life of the asset. In the case of diminishing value method, the depreciation is computed on the written down value each year. Computing the depreciation in this manner leads to heavy charge in the initial years while low charge in the later years (Benesh and Bryant, 2016). Further, the production unit method provides for computation of the depreciation based on expected capacity of the plant or machinery. The computation of depreciation under this method varies from year to year as the units of production vary (Benesh and Bryant, 2016). Apart from these methods, the sum of years digit is also one method that is applied in computing the depreciation. In this method, the depreciation is computed with reference to the sum of years digits. This method is similar to diminishing value method as far as pattern of depreciation charge is concerned. This implies that in this method also the charge of depreciation remains high in the initial years and it reduces down with the efflux of time (Benesh and Bryant, 2016). hus, the accounting standard does not specify as to which method is to be applied for computation of depreciation. However, it makes amply clear that method of depreciation once selected should be applied consistently (AASB 116, 2016). The change in method of depreciation is to be made only when warranted by the circumstances. Further, suitable disclosers in regard to change in the method of depreciation along with quantifying the impact of this change on the financial statements should be given. Current Case of Cocoa Ltd Cocoa Ltd is a company running a large departmental store. The company is having good growth in the profitability in recent years and expects the same to continue for couple of more years. However, the economic forecast for years to come after couple of years does not seem to be promising for the company. The management of the company suspects significant downfall in the profitability of the company after two years. Therefore, the management wants to manipulate the profit in the books of accounts of the current years to reduce it down so that fall in profit in the later years does not appear as a drastic collapse. In this regard, the general manager talks with the accountant of the company to find out a way to manipulate the financial statements. The accountant suggests change in the method of depreciation from straight line to sum of years digit method. The accountant knowing that the change in the method of depreciation is not for justified reasons allows it for personal benefits. This situation raises ethical issues in the accounting process. Findings and Discussion The analysis of the current case of Cocoa Ltd depicts the ethical issues being encountered in the accounting process. In this case the accountant of the company confronts an ethical dilemma when management asks to manipulate the books of accounts. This is the situation where ethical principles come to play. In these situations, the accountant should analyze the issues and test them on the principles of ethics and goods governance. The management is asking to change the method of depreciation from straight line to sum of years digit method. The reason for this change in the method of depreciation is not legitimate because its been sought for manipulating the financial performance. The straight line method of depreciation provides for equal depreciation change in all the years throughout useful life of the asset (Benesh and Bryant, 2016). The company is currently following straight line method of depreciation. On the other hand, sum years digit method provides for higher charge in the initial years of the useful life of the asset (Benesh and Bryant, 2016). Thus, by changing the method from straight line to sum of years digit, the company can increase the depreciation expense which will reduce the net profits of the company. The management is seeking for this collusion to manage profitability of the company in the later years when economic downturn is forecasted. The management wants to show consistency in the profits so that the investments could be kept intact. The investors faith will increase with the company earning consistent profits fighting with the adverse economic situations. Considering the facts of the case, the accountant should bear in mind that changing method of depreciation without a justified cause shall violate the provisions of accounting framework. Here, the accountant should take note that AASB 116 clearly states that the change in the method of depreciation should not be made unless it is evident that the new method will reflect the consumption pattern of the economic benefits from the use of asset more accurately (AASB 116, 2016). Thus, changing the method of depreciation from straight line to sum of years digit method could be justified when there is change in the economic conditions at large scale justifying writing down the value of asset more quickly. Further, the discloser requirements in regard to change in the method of depreciation are also not met. The provisions of AASB 116 specify that the entity should make appropriate disclosers in regard to reasons for change in the method of depreciation and account for it as change in accounting estimate in accordance with AASB 108 (AASB 116, 2016). The AASB 108 requires that the change in accounting estimate should be disclosed separately in the income statement to make the stakeholders aware of such change. However, in the current case, the accountant does not want to disclose it adequately. Here, the concealment of the relevant facts would result in violation of the principles of ethics and governance. Therefore, it is advisable to that disregarding the personal interest the management and the accountant should act fairly and honestly. The effects of violations of the principles of ethics and governance are horrible as has been seen in the past in the cases of Enron, Tyco, and Worldcom (Porter and Norton, 2016). The interest of all the stakeholders is put on risk when the management conducts business affairs unethically. In order to achieve the long term objectives and goals and to safeguard the interest of the investors and lenders it is crucial that the business affairs are being conducted ethically. Thus, the accountant is advised not to assist management in achieving its ulterior motives by giving unethical advice as to change in the method of depreciation. Conclusion The discussion in this paper revolves around the ethical issues being encountered in the accounting profession. Further, the paper also highlights the need for goods governance and its role in meeting ethical issues and challenges. The discussion on ethics and governance has been built on a case study of Cocoa Ltd. This case study involves an issue of change in the method of depreciation and evaluation of this change in the light of ethical principles. Further, the paper addresses the technical aspects of depreciation accounting by explaining the provisions of AASB 116. From the overall discussion, it could be inferred that the change in the method of depreciation in the current case is unethical. The change in method of depreciation from straight line to sum of years digit method for no appropriate reasons is violating the provisions of ethics and good governance. Therefore, in this situation, the accountant is advised not to allow the change in method of depreciation sought by the management. Further, if the management still insists for such change, the accountant should make appropriate discloser in this regard in the financial statements by way of notes to account. References AASB 116. 2016. Property, Plant, and Equipment. Retrieved December 31, 2016, from https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB116_07-04_COMPjun14_07-14.pdf Akinkoye, E.Y. and Olasanmi, O.O. 2014. Corporate governance practice and level of compliance among firms in Nigeria: Industry analysis. Journal of Business and Retail Management Research (JBRMR, 9(1), pp. 13-25. Benesh, B.K. and Bryant, M.K. 2016. Depreciation Handbook. LexisNexis. Calder, A. 2008. Corporate Governance: A Practical Guide to the Legal Frameworks and International Codes of Practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Dagwell, R., Wines, G., and Lambert, C. 2011. Corporate Accounting in Australia. Pearson Higher Education AU. IFAC. 2006. Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants. Retrieved December 19, 2016, from https://www.ifac.org/system/files/publications/files/ifac-code-of-ethics-for.pdf Onyebuchi, V.N. 2011. Ethics in Accounting. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2 (10), pp. 275-276. Porter, G.A. and Norton, C.L. 2016. Using Financial Accounting Information: The Alternative to Debits and Credits. Cengage Learning.

Notable American Idealist Robert Sargent Shriver, Jr.

Table of Contents Introduction Early life Service to the world Alleviating poverty in America Recognition for service Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Robert Sargent Shriver, Jr. was born in November 9, 1915 and passed away on January 28, 2011 aged 95 years old. He was born to Robert Sargent Shriver, Sr and Hilda Shriver and generally known as Sarge. He was the American unsung hero who contributed greatly to his society and the international society through his service to humanity. He formed several social programs that changed the lives of the people in America and the rest of the word. He is a notable American idealist and a legend in public service.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Notable American Idealist: Robert Sargent Shriver, Jr. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Early life He went to school in Canterbury school in Connecticut and graduated in 1934. He was among the students who had the opportunity to travel to Germany for an experiment in international living. The early exposure to the international community may be a major factor that led to the development of his interest in the world affairs and shaped his views on humanity and society. He later joined Yale law school, earned a degree in law, and joined politics even though he never held an elective position. His leadership qualities emerged early while he was at Yale University. He joined the Delta Kappa Epislon fraternity that concerned with the research of world cultures and literatures. Through the activities of the fraternity, he encountered diverse cultures outside his own. He thus learnt how to respect and appreciate people who were different from him irrespective of their race, economic and social status in the world. He looked at people as human beings and not as white or blacks rich or poor and he was able to serve humanity through his devoted service that touched people in America and throughout the world (Listo n 20-27). Moreover, he joined the Scroll and Key Society. The movement shaped its members and later on they offered service to the human race through various capacities in fields such as law, athletics, politics and philanthropy to name just but a few. Shriver was no exception and went on to become one of the greatest Americans in public service (Stossel 56). He was also a leader of the Yale Daily News where he served as the chairperson. He utilized the opportunity to educate people on various issues such as human rights and economic empowerment. The leadership at the Yale Daily news gave him experience in leadership, as he became a very effective leader in the social organizations he started. Service to the world Shriver was an inspirational leader and became the first director of the Peace Corps after President JF Kennedy started it in 1961. The Peace Corps was started to encourage people to serve their country and developing nations through peace living.Advertising Looking f or essay on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Shriver did a great job in kicking starting the movement and in under a few years it had spread its wings to other nations. The director was enthusiastic and motivational hence helped to recruit volunteers and today the commitment shown by Shriver lives on as it helped transform Peace Corps from an ideal to a reality. Peace Corps has touched the lives of Americans and the world at large as the volunteers across the world work to improve the lives of people. They do so by addressing issues of injustice and inequality in the society. Shriver was a man who had a lot of love for humanity and through his energy, commitment and enthusiasm made the world a better place. The Peace Corps has helped people in various developing countries. It has helped to change the face of America abroad and painted it as a loving nation that cares for humanity. The program continues to influence lives today as it has continued to exist to date through donations, development loans, academic scholarships and other exchange programs. The other activities of the Peace Corps are fight against diseases such as malaria and AIDS. It also helps to fight against terrorism (Diemer 1). Alleviating poverty in America Shriver aimed at alleviating poverty to millions of Americans who are poor because e believed in economic equality. He believed that fellow Americans could join hands and help the people in poverty change their lives. He is credited with the establishment of a number of programs aimed at fighting poverty such as the VISTA, Job Corps, and Head Start (Diemer 1) VISTA is a program that fits poverty in America, as there are about thirty seven million Americans living in poverty. The program requires volunteers to work in nonprofit organization for a year and offer their services for a year. It influences people’s lives by living. The other program is the Job Corps that was for med to help disadvantaged poor Americans acquire skills and gain gainful employment. The program gives skills to the power to enable them become economically independent instead of relying on handouts. The program has served over 2.6 million young people since its inception in 1964 by giving them necessary skills that have enabled them to become successful in life and work. A 2004 graduate by the name Stephanie Underwood said that the program helped her to realize her self-worth (Job Corps 1). The lives of many people have changed for the better because they have acquired skills at Jobs Corps. Recognition for service The services that Shriver offered to his community and the world had a positive influence as people’s lives improved making the world a better place. He was recognized for his efforts in public service. Consequently, he received various awards such as the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Bill Clinton in 1994.Advertising We will write a custom ess ay sample on Notable American Idealist: Robert Sargent Shriver, Jr. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Clinton praised him for serving humanity and establishing programs that transformed the lives of many people across the globe and his legacy was worth emulating. Other awards include Freedom from Want Award in 1993, National Brotherhood Award among others. He also had an award created in his honor called the Sargent Shriver Award for Equal Justice by the Sargent Shriver national center on Poverty Law to honor people who make outstanding contributions to delivering legal services to poor people or those with low incomes. Shriver believed that all people regardless of their economic status should have equal representation and opportunities in seeking justice (Diemer 1). Conclusion Finally, Shriver was a notable American Idealist who dared to transmit his vision of bringing economic and justice equality to all people through his various s ocial programs. He believed in transforming the lives of people. He shared his vision with the people involved in the various programs and thus he was able to achieve his goals. The spirit he breathed into the various programs continues to inspire people to help each other and the service of the programs has been seen in various ways across the globe. Through helping others, humanity is lifted and the image of America improved through its various programs that serve human beings across the globe. Sergeant Shriver believed in helping one another, the following quote captures the purpose of his service both at home and abroad â€Å"Nearly everybody in their life needs someone to help them. I don’t care whether you’re the greatest self-made man; the fact is, someone has helped you along the way† (Our Founder, Sargent Shriver 1). Works Cited Diemer, Tom. Sargent Shriver, a Peace Corps Founder and Liberal Activist, Is Dead at 95. 2011. Web. Job Corps. 21 Jan. 2011. W eb. Liston, Robert A. Sargent Shriver: a candid portrait. California: University of California, 2008.Advertising Looking for essay on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Our Founder, Sargent Shriver. 2011. Web. Stossel, Scot. Sarge : the life and times of Sargent Shriver. Chicago: Chicago Publishing House, 2011. This essay on Notable American Idealist: Robert Sargent Shriver, Jr. was written and submitted by user Pedro Workman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The importance of scene 35 (the cliff scene) in Willy Russells Our Day Out Essays

The importance of scene 35 (the cliff scene) in Willy Russells Our Day Out Essays The importance of scene 35 (the cliff scene) in Willy Russells Our Day Out Paper The importance of scene 35 (the cliff scene) in Willy Russells Our Day Out Paper Essay Topic: Literature A class from a school in Liverpool set off for a school trip to a castle in Wales. Four teachers and a class seems normal and this play is basically about an every day school trip kids getting told off on the bus all seems normal. But when they arrive in Wales (after stopping off at a service station) it all turns wired, the kids. revolt and the teachers take sides with them. The only sane one left is Mr. Briggs who decided to go. The class and the teachers go to the castle as planned, but Mrs. Kay decides to alter the plan, and instead of going back to school, she pitys them and lets them have a day out. Mr. Briggs is furious as he learns that that the children and the teachers join forces to have Our Day Out. Summary of the main characters Mr. Briggs Mr. Briggs is negative about his colleagues the students dont like him and he is very abrupt. Mr. Briggs thinks that you have to risk not being like by the children to teach them anything. Mr. Briggs jumps to conclusions a lot and confronts Mrs. Kay about the way she does things and he thinks all things like trips must be planned and executed. Mrs. Kay Mrs. Kay is quite the opposite of Mr. Briggs, she is laid back and lets the children do what they want. Mrs. Kay is caring and trusts her students. Mrs. Kay worries about her pupils and pitys the students when she feels sorry for them. Carol Chandler Carol is a student from the progress class and she is very forgetful and isnt that clever. She doesnt know if Wales is in England. Will we have to get a boat? She is not afraid to express her opinions and she wants to better herself and live in a nice place. Carol is from a lower working class background and has never seen the sea before therefore when she goes to Wales she doesnt want to go back. Analysis of the Stage Directions conveyed through the 3 characters Mr. Briggs is one of the key characters in the play. Conveyed through the stage directions we get the impression that Mr. Briggs is a much more organised man. We see this in the stage direction of the kids are tumbling off the coach, Mrs. Kay pulls out a flask, and Briggs is frantic. The use of the word tumbling shows that there is no order in how the children exit the vehicle and no organisation or administration in the day trip. Briggs obviously cannot stand to see this as he as frantic. Mrs. Kay pulling out her flask does not help the situation; this point shows that she is calm, tranquil and relaxed in what the children do. You can clearly see Briggs admires his orderliness and being in control. This is stated in the stage direction Briggs with ordered children. This shows that he is in control, in charge and the children respect him. As well as being a control freak, Mr. Briggs is extremely boring when this side is show. The use of the stage direction at the back, the kids are stifled with boredom by Briggs presence. The fact that by Briggs being there and that the children are stifled with boredom shows that he is a monotonous, mind-numbing person to be around. Even though Briggs has a dreary, unenthusiastic side to him as shown in the points above, we also see a change throughout the trip. We see him change to a man who cares about and for the childrens welfare and education. This is portrayed in the stage direction he wraps his arm around her. This is where we see the caring side of Briggs, he is affectionate towards Carol when he realises she could be in danger and could be hurt. Another quote that shows his new emotion is Briggs slowly holds out his hand the use of the word slowly shoes his affectionate side. He obviously means no harm to Carol. Mrs. Kay is a very important character in the play as well as Mr. Briggs. In the play Willy Russell portrays her as being a relaxed, pleasant and careless person, which isnt a good approach for a teacher. These points are shown in the stage direction Mrs. Kay sits on a bench. This action suggests that she has immense trust in the children, or is just not concerned. By Mrs. Kay sitting on the bench shows her lack of concern for the children. This also links in with the stage direction pouring out another cup of coffee. The use of the word another shows that she has done this numerous times on several occasions when the children need supervision the most, especially in the shop scene and the zoo scene where the children get up to no good and steal sweets and chocolate from the shop and attempt to kidnap small zoo animals such as rabbits and even a baby goat. Mrs. Kay also has the motherly touch. This is shown in the stage directions they look more like mother and daughter this implies the fact that Mrs. Kay is more of a friend to the students than a common, strict teacher. This is also shown in the complimentary stage direction, she quickly lifts him so she is carrying him cradle fashion out of the water, this implies that she is an entertaining and compelling person to be around. The use of the phrase carrying him cradle fashion shows that she is not only an exciting person but secures the situation at the same time. This point also is associated with the previous point of being tranquil and unperturbed. As well as being a motherly figure, all the children like her and prefer her to all the other teachers. This is shown in the stage direction she moves a short distance and all the kids follow her. The use if the expression short distance implies the fact that no matter how far she goes, the children definitely want to be around her that the other teachers. Our first impressions of Carol are shown at the beginning of the play. The first paragraph tells us that she is a child from a misfortunate background. This is shown when the stage direction reads wearing a school uniform which doubles as a street out fit and her Sunday best implying that she cannot other clothes apart from her necessary school uniform. Carol also cannot afford essential items such as a school bag; in the play it quotes that she is clutching a supermarket carrier bag. She is eating a half eating sandwich on her way to school, which indicates that she has not had breakfast but yesterdays left over. Carol represents deprivation and the idea that she is poor because of the points made above. All this compares to the end of the play because at the end, Carol is still the same person that she was before the trip. The only difference is that she knows about a different place and life rather that Liverpool and has a goldfish grasped in her hand that she won at the carnival. Dramatic Tension Dramatic tension shows the mood of the scenes. Also, creates a cliff-hanger. In the cliff scene there is a lot of tension. This is reflected in the line: Briggs begins to tell her off and she moves to the edge of the cliff threatening to jump. This is tense because you wonder if she is going to jump or not. It leaves the audience on a cliff-hanger, on the edge of their seats. Another line to show the tension is: Carol slips on the edge of the cliff. This is tense because it makes the audience jump from their seats. The audience also wonder if she is going to survive or not. I think that dramatic tension is important in a play like this because without it the play would be rubbish, for example Carol says in scene 35, Dont you come near me! If Carol had just said, Dont come near me please it would have no enthusiasm to it and therefore there would be no tension to it but because she shouted at Mr. Briggs it brought tension to that specific part in the scene of the play. The audience was left thinking what will be Mr. Briggs reaction and how will Carol react back to it. When she shouts at Mr. Briggs she is out of character its not like Carol acts in the rest of the play this also creates tension. The cliff-top scene is one of the most dramatic parts of the play. It is also the scene where both Briggs and Carol have a change in their personality. Carol becomes rude and rebellious (like Linda) and starts calling him Briggsy. She begins to use unfamiliar words and phrases friggin and also has a change in attitude, from being well-mannered to being cheeky in a cocky sort of way. She also begins to ignore him at times, which she wouldnt have done previously. Briggs however, becomes somewhat more considerate and develops empathy for Carol and her classmates. To begin with, he expects to be obeyed, but later realises that he is not getting the desired response from the children. After Carol tells him how selfish he is, he takes it into consideration and tries a different approach by smiling at the children. The constant camera changes from Briggs to Carol and vice versa, create tension, as does the scene where Carol steps towards the edge of the cliff. The use of tension in this scene, creates questions in the readers mind will she jump? will Briggs fall? Analysis I think the tension level is quite high in the beginning of scene 35 due to the teachers worrying about Carols whereabouts as she has wondered off on her own. The stage directions state that Mrs. Kay is shouting, Carol, Carol it also states that, Colin is searching the far end of the beach. As the audience we feel all the teachers anxiety and concern to find Carol therefore this heightens the tension that extra bit more. I also think that the setting in this scene is important when creating dramatic tension. It describes in the first line, Below the cliff-top the sea is breaking on rocks in a cave mouth. It also states that, Carol is standing on top of the cliff watching the wave below. This states that Carol is dangerously stood close to the edge on the cliff because she can see the waves below her. The audience wonder why she has put herself in this position. What has possessed her to do it? At the beach, another one of Mrs Kays bonus stops, Carol Chandler flees to the cliff without anyone knowing. This is the most important scene in the play this is because all the disagreement has built up so high and comes to a head, that Mr Briggs has a turning point and becomes someone different. Someone who he thought he would never be. Carol wanders off to the cliff, as she does not want to go back to her deprived home life. Mr Briggs finds her he is the wrong person to have found her. As he sees her he approaches her whilst shouting at her, he asks her who gave her permission to go to the cliff. This is the wrong approach and Mrs Kay would have handled the situation much more calmly, being able to relate to Carol. The tension is building up and up. Carol threatens to jump if Briggs comes near her and she really means it. You can tell how hazardous the situation is that she is in, she really would jump if it saved her from going back to her home life. The friction is really building up between Briggs and Carol. The pressure is on Mr Briggs to talk her out of not jumping. He is very confrontational and does not really understand the problem and what is going on. Carol tells Mr Briggs Dont you come near me! which is extremely out of character for Carol. Throughout this scene Russell pauses several times causing tension to build up and up. Briggs thinks that he cant take anymore stress and that the incident with Carol has just pushed him to his limits. He has had to put up with an awful lot during the day. First it was the theft of sweets at the roadside cafi etc. Then he had trust in the children at the zoo, but they betray him by taking many of the zoo animals aboard the coach. Giving a bad name to the school and the school been banned to go there on future trips to that zoo. Ive had just about enough, and Im not putting up with a pile of silliness from the likes of you, this also shows that he does not regard her as an important person. Her disobedience is really getting to him and he is starting to take it personally just what are you trying to do to me. You can tell that she is really despondent at home at home and that it really means a lot to her if she stays I wana stay her. Where its nice. Even though she is in the progress class, she is acting quite intelligent. She can see through Mr Briggs Thats why briggsy! So stop going on you hate me. Carol is clever enough to know that she will never have the chance for her aspiration to come true Dont be friggin stupid. Then Mr Briggs starts to talk to Carol as his new self and it makes her realise that it wouldnt be any good staying. She also knows it would be hopeless plan, down to her specific disabilities getting in the way. If I stayed though, it wouldnt be no good. Even though she has realised she cant stay she still feels really desperate Im not goin back though. Then Briggs says something that is really out of character for him to say to a student please. Then all of sudden he started to sound like Mrs Kay and that is the beginning of the turning point for Mr Briggs when he turns into a new him. Youre as though you given up on life already. You sound as for you life is just ending. Carol then moves very close to the edge. Mr Briggs very aware of the danger holds out his hand to her, which is showing that he is not threatening her but showing a peace gesture. This makes her feel reassured and she starts to see the funny side of what is going on. Carol looks at him and a smile breaks across her face Sir, you should smile more often y look great when y smile. She still wonders what will happen to her when she gets back to school for causing trouble, but what about when we get back tschool? . She has almost given in but is still holding strongly onto her worries and wonders. Just as she gives in she slips. Briggs outstretched arm grabs out quickly and manages to pull her to him. He holds on to her with all his strength. Fortunately he manages to pull her up and she is secure. When Mr Briggs seems to turn into someone new, the children love it, but unfortunately for them its not a permanent fixture. When the coach comes back to Liverpool, it hits Mr Briggs. Briggs with Andrews asleep next to him sees the familiar surroundings and the kids hanging about the streets. He sits up puts his tie back to normal goes to straighten his hair and feels the cowboy hat. Its home to Mr Briggs when the coach arrives into Liverpool and makes him realise the responsibility and concern of his reputation. In the film the camera shot of the school behind Mr Briggs emphasises his feelings of responsibility, his concern and reputation. Also when the camera snaps Mr Briggs singing on the back of the coach with all the children. There is a sudden fade out and echo of the music and noise, which could symbolise that Briggs changed attitude, is just a snap shot and will fade just as the film exposed to the light. The film contained many pictures of Mr Briggs enjoying himself. Thats why he exposes it to the light, as he wants it all forgotten with no memories left remaining. It seems as if he is disappointed with himself, as he has relax with the children. The Play Our Day Out is not really relevant today. Special need classes are not all about fun for the pupils. The pupils are educated just the same as other pupils their age just with more help. The teachers are not like Mrs Kay and believe there is no point teaching them. As teachers today usually believe in trying to educate everyone. Although, there is still run down areas in some places so the story could be half-relevant to today. My view on the play is that it is very good and extremely well written, it makes you feel as if you are theyre watching every scene happen. This is a good thing and means that Russell has done very well at describing the scenes. The play keeps you gripped and hooked right until the end. It makes you feel as though you cant put it down and every scene is left at a cliff hanger, making you want to read on and find out what bizarre thing happens next.

Calculate Concentration of Ions in Solution

Calculate Concentration of Ions in Solution This worked example problem illustrates the steps necessary to calculate the concentration of ions in an aqueous solution in terms of molarity.  Molarity is one of the most common units of concentration. Molarity is measured in  number of moles  of a substance per unit volume.   Question a. State the concentration, in moles per liter, of each ion in 1.0 mol Al(NO3)3.b. State the concentration, in moles per liter, of each ion in 0.20 mol K2CrO4. Solution Part a.  Dissolving 1 mol of Al(NO3)3 in water dissociates into 1 mol Al3 and 3 mol NO3- by the reaction: Al(NO3)3(s) → Al3(aq) 3 NO3-(aq) Therefore: concentration of Al3 1.0 Mconcentration of NO3- 3.0 M Part b.  K2CrO4 dissociates in water by the reaction: K2CrO4 → 2 K(aq) CrO42- One mol of K2CrO4 produces 2 mol of K and 1 mol of CrO42-. Therefore, for a 0.20 M solution: concentration of CrO42- 0.20 Mconcentration of K 2Ãâ€"(0.20 M) 0.40 M Answer Part a.Concentration of Al3 1.0 MConcentration of NO3- 3.0 M Part b.Concentration of CrO42- 0.20 MConcentration of K 0.40 M

Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Health - Essay Example But the definition of health, as defined by WHO is perhaps the most accurate because it primarily focuses on the holistic approach of well being. I prefer this definition because holistic approach to health emphasizes at healthcare delivery system that accessible, affordable and quality driven. This approach ensures that the preventive actions and awareness greatly facilitates the overall well-being of persons. Illnesses are mainly caused due to improper diet, unhygienic conditions and lack of awareness regarding healthcare issues and healthy lifestyle. Proper diet and nutrition is essential for a healthy life. A good and balanced food reduces the risk of diseases, especially the lifestyle diseases like obesity, diabetes, blood pressure etc that may prove fatal. Adopting holistic approach through the use of alternative medicines hugely promotes all round welfare of the person because it is based on the principle tat the person needs to ‘feel’ good to become healthy. In the contemporary environment of pluralistic society, holistic approach has increasingly become important in the changing socio-cultural environment and takes into consideration the wider implication of the environment in which the people live. In the recent times, the market driven health components are increasingly driving the common man towards alternative health medicines which provide them with more holistic healthcare modules at lesser cost. The alternative health medicines incorporate physical, mental and social well-being of the people. They can broadly be defined as a group of diversified medical and healthcare system and practices that uses non conventional methods of medicines. Ernst et al. have defined as ‘diagnosis, treatment and/or prevention which complements mainstream medicine by contributing to a common whole, by satisfying a demand not met by orthodoxy or by diversifying the conceptual frameworks of medicine’ (Ernst, 2004). The efficacy of the healing is

Memories on Cities, Nature and People through the Lenses of Andre Essay

Memories on Cities, Nature and People through the Lenses of Andre Aciman - Essay Example Definitely, Alexandria goes first in such a recollection by the author. It is a source for his passion where he is inclined to take a glimpse at the past experience which is never-ending for his entire life. Thus, the first claim of significance is that Aciman is well devoted to the value of a memory. Thereupon, in Alexandria: The Capital of Memory he states on what he gained and missed being an ordinary denizen of the city while the political conflict sprang up in his youth and what Alexandria means to him at present (Aciman 6). It is a so-called memoir represented through the lenses of the writer’s vision of sweet memories and dreams about this location. On the other hand, Aciman is sensitive to the subtle facets of his soul each time he reproduces his own vision of life and living it in close relation with the environment. Just roaming the streets of Alexandria helps the writer focus more on the way everything functions and stays in the city (Aciman 10). It is a particular way to fix the picture of the location at the writer’s specific foreshortening just in case something will change in the future. Such sweet things keep track to the writer’s appreciation of his young ages and how they went on. Besides, In Search of Blue depicts Aciman’s reasoning on the most valued features to stay in mind. It is unlikely that he is dreaming about some material amenities or some lucre. He is dedicated more to the abstract images of what he sees and what will be accumulated in his widespread mind afterwards. Flashbacks feed Aciman in his trip to Rome along with his parents. Along with Alexandria, Rome is a part of the writer’s colorful life (Aciman 24). It is all about a man living his life along and with the family at once. Aciman is open to describe the power of his feelings through the shades and hues of blue, namely: â€Å"For years this wonderful expanse of still and timeless blue, where hills and rippleless beaches seemed made to ex ist in memory alone, belonged nowhere† (Aciman 24). Admittedly, the writer aims at the height of his imagination while taking a look at the natural beauty of the city he lived in. Past memories presuppose the sense of living for Aciman. He takes care of each slight memory so as to keep it alive and vivid. Thus, in search of blue, Andre Aciman seems to find out the exact way of thinking about what a man can bear with him/her throughout life. In his another essay called Shadow Cities, the writer makes an attempt to bind another city to make sure a reader knows what New York means to him. The essay represents his worries about what happened to a little Straus Park just within the city (Aciman 38). He does not hesitate to come closer to the overall idea of a virtue and social responsibility of people inhabiting the city and contributing into its further development. It is all about the way Aciman once shared the significance of natural episodes within concrete jungles of todayâ₠¬â„¢s urbanized world. However, it does not describe him as an opponent of the city. He finds New York pretty magnificent along with its streets and avenues. Therefore, the writer’s great desire states as follows: â€Å"I wanted everything to remain the same† (Aciman 38). It is a voice of despair the writer faced in New York and realized it would never stop in the future. Everything is in the state of flux, as they say. However, Aciman behaves as a real foreigner keeping in mind the things as they were earlier. Hence, he illustrates his strict incapability to get accustomed with new names of the stores or some change to the places of sightseeing he once encountered in his life. To say more, being an adolescent, Andre Aciman obtained precious knowledge of what the world means to a man. Insofar, the essay called Square Lamartine is also a compilation

Romeo presented to the audience Essay Example for Free

Romeo presented to the audience Essay Romeo is presented to the audience through two characters. Montague and Benvolio, Montague is Romeos father and Benvolio is Romeos cousin Good morrow, cousin. Shakespeare has laid this out in a very intellectual manner; by introducing Romeo through other characters because this instantly makes Romeo stand out, look more imperative and maybe even have a higher status than the other characters in the play; because he is talked about and has been acquainted by Montague and Benvolio. Benvolio and Montague are both concerned about Romeos recent behaviour because he has not been acting himself lately. Montague reveals Away from light steals home my heavy son. This presents Romeo as a character who locks himself out of regularity and is constantly feeling sorry for him. His father feels that he needs to depend on others to remove him from this extraordinary insecurity. Benvolio comments Towards him I made, but he was ware of me, this shows that Romeo is feeling unsociable at he moment as well as out of character. Romeo also unexpectedly admits that in recent times he has not been himself Tut, I have lost myself, I am not here, this is not Romeo, hes some other where Romeo is presented to the audience as quite timid and introverted. He has been shown to wanting to take the easy way round to things O me! What fray was here? Showing that he does not like fighting and he is not interested in it. By saying that Romeo may be referring it to the old grudge between the Montagues and Capulets. When Benvolio questions him about love, he avoids admitting to it, however does not change the subject. This shows that he does not want to spill out with the truth and does not mention any names, but keep on waffling on about love thinking slowly as time goes by. The audience gets the impression that Romeo is inexperienced as this is his first love. He has only just realised how painful love is this love feel I, that feel no love in this, showing that Romeo almost certainly felt that love would be an exciting experience. Shakespeare presents Benvolio as a stronger, less sensitive character than Romeo, he also seems to be literally telling Romeo what to do directly Be ruled by me, forget to think of her show that Benvolio is giving Romeo good quality advice. Romeo also tends to dramatise and exaggerate his feelings as they pour out in one go, o brawling love, o loving hate, o any thingetc. This speeds up the time compared to before; it is builds up the tension, as Romeo chants many oxymorons. This extent of dramatisation is due to Romeos depression and bewilderment about love. This shows the audience that Romeo is going through the enjoyment of emotional pain. In conclusion to this, in act 1 scene 1, Shakespeare presents Romeo in a very, perplexed, depressed and frazzled way. As the audience knows Romeo is also not acting himself; due to this we cannot make any assumptions about him, yet.

The Effect of Cohabitation on Marriage Essay -- Compare Contrast Essay

Abstract The Effect of Cohabitation on Marriage Several published studies look at the increase in premarital cohabitation and the effect of premarital cohabitation on the traditional marriage relationship from the 1960s to present. Issues considered are marital satisfaction, marital stability, marital communication, and incidents of divorce within each group. Contrary to common perceptions, studies on couples who cohabitated prior to marrying indicate marriages that are less satisfactory, less stable, report poorer communication and higher incidents of divorce when compared to couples who did not cohabitate prior to marriage. Factors that attempt to explain these results are explored. The Effect of Cohabitation on Marriage Finding a compatible partner and getting married is the dream for the majority of people in America. Statistics show that approximately 95% of all people will be married at some point in their lives (Cherlin, 2002). However, marriage is coming to be considered more of a short-term and an economic arrangement by many and less of a life-time commitment (Risch, Riley & Lawler, 2003; Seltzer, 2000). It is true that divorce is becoming less stigmatized and is a more frequent event with a current divorce rate of approximately 40% for first marriages (Risch, Riley & Lawler, 2003). It is also true that cohabitation is becoming a more common and accepted way to live. It is estimated that between 50% and 60% of all people will live together before marrying (Cherlin, 2002, Seltzer, 2000; Teachman, 2003). Cohabitation is defined as the sharing of a household by unmarried persons who have a sexual relationship (Cherlin, 2002). Many couples make the decision to cohabitate in order to see if they are compatible and ... ...: Quality or commitment? Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54: 159-267. Treas, J. & Giesen, D. (2000). Sexual infidelity among married and cohabiting Americans. Journal of Marriage & the Family, Vol. 62, 48-60. U.S. Bureau of the Census. (2000). Statistical abstract of the United States: 2000. Washington, CD: U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved on March 14, 2004, from http://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/p20-537.pdf Watson, R. E. L. (1983). Premarital cohabitation vs. traditional courtship: Their effects on subsequent marital adjustment. Family Relations. 32, 139-147. Wineberg, H. (1994). Marital reconciliation in the United States: Which couples are successful? Journal of Marriage & the Family, Vol. 56, 80-88. Wu, Z. (1999). Premarital cohabitation and the timing of first marriage. Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 36, 109-127.

In the extract where Pip Essay

When Estella is told to play with Pip she feels ashamed to play him because he is of a lower class. â€Å"With this boy! Why he is such a common labouring-boy! † Miss Havisham’s response gives us evidence of how she wants to make Pip feel; she wants to hurt him emotionally. â€Å"You can break his heart† To make it worse for Pip, it seems as though the only reason she agrees to play with him is because she has the ability to hurt and humiliate him. Estella also refers to Pip as ‘boy’ showing that she looks down on him with disdain and gives him no respect. â€Å"What do you play boy? † â€Å"Nothing but beggar my neighbour, miss† Albeit she disrespects him he continues to be respectful by referring to her as ‘miss’. The fact that he doesn’t know any other games, reflects that he has a very restricted childhood and doesn’t play as often as we would expect a child to. The setting is continuously being described which readily mirrors sadness and lifelessness. â€Å"corpse-like†, â€Å"grave-clothes† Estella is incessantly adding to his distress by using her power to make him feel contempt and extremely inferior. She deliberately criticises his lower-class language, features and footwear, just to intensify his emotions. â€Å"He calls the knaves, Jacks, this boy! † â€Å"And what coarse hands he has. And what thick boots! † She has the ability to arouse inexperienced emotions within him, emotions that he has never come across ever before. â€Å"Her contempt for me was so strong, that it became infectious and I caught it. † Pip understands that he shouldn’t upset Estella because of the difference in class between them. So he therefore does as she would expect him to. â€Å"I misdealt, as was only natural, when I knew she was lying in wait for me to do wrong† No matter how much Estella criticises and hurts Pip, he is still very polite to her and lets her say what she wants, only because she is of a higher class. â€Å"†¦ she denounces me for a stupid, clumsy labouring-boy† Pip is unendlessly polite towards Estella and seems nervous, scared and threatened by her. â€Å"I don’t like to say,† I stammered. ‘ â€Å"I replied, in a whisper† also mirrors his timid ness, and the fact that he doesn’t want here to overhear. Estella’s Dialogue has been used very strongly to create sympathy for Pip and her contempt has greatly affected him. As we have seen Pip isn’t someone who would say anything to hurt another individual and especially someone of a higher class. But he is so hurt that he actually says that he thinks Estella is ‘very insulting’. This makes us fell sorry for him because he is a child that has been greatly insulted and admits to feeling that way. Pip has started to feel extremely uncomfortable and belittled by Estella’s demeanour. â€Å"I think I should like to go home’ Despite the fact that Pip is willing to go home, Miss Havisham makes him stay and play. Pip once again cannot defy Miss Havisham and does as he is told. â€Å"Play the game out† Estella wins the game and once again looks at him despicably causing him more hurt. Once the game was over, Miss Havisham asks Pip to come again after six days and even after all the pain and trauma he had just been through he doesn’t say no to her, only because she was of a higher class and he wouldn’t ever dare say no to her. â€Å"Yes, ma’am† As Pip is about to leave, Miss Havisham asks Estella to give Pip some food, in a sense which seemed of pity. Estella once again refers to Pip as ‘boy’ and speaks to him in a very rude manner. â€Å"You wait here, you boy† this creates an emotion of sympathy within the reader towards Pip due to Estella’s harsh rudeness to Pip. Whilst waiting for Estella to return with some food, Pip takes the opportunity to look at ‘coarse’ hands and ‘common’ boots; theses were the two features that Estella had earlier on criticised. They had never before affected him but she had had too strong an impact on him that he had now become extremely conscious about them and had started to look down on them. Neither had the fact that he called knaves instead of Jacks, but now he was willing to ask his uncle why he never taught him to call them Knaves. His thoughts have gone so far that he wishes his uncle was brought up more ‘genteelly’ and then maybe he would have been as well. Dickens here has managed to generate great sympathy for Pip by showing us how an individual of an upper class can hurt someone just due to their financial status. When Estella returns with some food, she puts it down in such a manner that a dog would be treated with. This shows how disgraceful she thinks Pip is and form sympathy within the reader because we know that Pip shouldn’t be treated in such a way and that he deserves more respect than he receives. His emotions overtook him and tears started to fall but this signalled to Estella that she had succeeded and this gave Pip the strength to hold back his tears, but in return she just gave him a ‘contemptuous toss’ to show the endless disgust and contempt she has for him. As soon as she left his emotions just started to uncontrollably flow. In this scene his tears were what initially formed sympathy within the reader but as the scene progressed the fact that he tried to fight his emotions from flowing out in front of Estella, comprehensively intensifies our empathy for Pip. Her behaviour has left Pip emotionally scarred. His feelings for her only comprised of anger, frustration and hatred. â€Å"So bitter were my feeling, and so sharp was the smart without a name, that needed counteraction† Pip’s strong and genuine feelings in this concluding line leave a lasting sense of commiseration in favour of Pip. Dickens has successfully used his unique skills and techniques of writing, which contained effective vocabulary, an eccentric setting, a crucial voice, realistic characters and dialogue, a powerful beginning and poignant ending to create sympathy for Pip. Batool Rafay 10Ck Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Great Expectations section.

Lama Surya Das and the American Dharma

Buddhism is gaining popularity and acceptance with the American public. This could be credited to the immigrants to the USA wherein some of them brought with them their culture and religion and influenced the Americans to follow them. According to Lama Surya Das, there are many factors that influenced the acceptance of Buddhism in the western countries and this acceptance lead to a unique American Buddhism. His article â€Å"Ten Emerging Trends of Western Dharma† details the characteristics of the American Buddhism that sets its identity and tells how and why Buddhism was accepted by the American community.According to Das, American Buddhism is unique since it is meditation-based such that understanding of life and personal growth is attained. It is made it more accessible to the masses and gender equality is promoted. Some of the ways of the traditional Buddhism are also omitted to make it simpler and other meditation practices are accepted to make it more appealing. Spiritua l development is also focused to promote good psychological and emotional welfare. Exploring beyond the doctrines of Buddhism is also promoted to allow independence and self development.Spiritual communities are also encouraged to strengthen the links with each other and to develop a sense of moral and social obligation. These premises can depict the American Buddhism as different from other forms of Buddhism. This difference could then be attributed to the fact that the Americans have a different cultural background and environment such that they accepted and did only those components of Buddhism that fits them. However, Das’ premises contain some vague ideas that are insufficient to say that there is a unique American Buddhism.Some forms of Buddhism are also meditation-based, some also observe gender equality, some are also focused on the spiritual development of a person and some are also promoting spiritual communities to inculcate a sense of moral and social obligation. Omission of a component and focusing on other components doesn’t always mean that it is already a new thing. It is still patterned from the original and the difference was just due to the attitude of the people accepting it.It’s like in the revival of a classic song into a different genre, the song could have a slightly different tune or tempo, but that doesn’t make the song a new song. It was just revived and remodeled to fit the preference of the listening public. Nevertheless, Das stressed that those are just trends he observed and the existence of a genuine American Buddhism has a long way to go. But still, if his trends would be more unambiguous, it is possible that a new form of Buddhism could really take form in America.It is important to note that the acceptance of Buddhism in America is slow. This could be attributed to the fact that America is largely a Christian country, with teachings different from that of Buddhism. However, if Das’ trends ar e accurate, such that American Buddhism is non-sectarian and is open to anyone, it is possible that the American public’s reaction could shift and accept it for the meditation and the other benefits. It is most likely to happen nowadays since American life is a very busy and stressful life.If the practices of the American Buddhism could fit in with the lifestyle of the Americans, more people could be influenced to follow its teachings and practices. It will then be a few steps closer to achieving a genuine American Buddhism. Nonetheless, if the openness of the American Buddhism to other traditions and Das’ argument about Buddhism being not a religion would be pointed out, it will appear that American Buddhism would not materialize as a different religion. This means that the American Dharma would just look like a program or routine that will fit in the lifestyle of the Americans.This is because the people who would practice the Dharma would not need to convert themselv es and retain their former religion. They would follow the Dharma just for the meditation and the enlightenment it brings. This would then make it very appealing to the American Public and make it recruit more followers since it would easily fit in their lives. To sum it all up, I can say that genuine American Buddhism still has a long away to reality. But still, the efforts those people who brought Buddhism to America will not be a waste, and they would be able to harvest the fruit of their labors.

“The Hobbyist” by Frederic Brown Essay Essay Example

â€Å"The Hobbyist† by Frederic Brown Essay Essay Example â€Å"The Hobbyist† by Frederic Brown Essay Essay â€Å"The Hobbyist† by Frederic Brown Essay Essay The short narrative. â€Å"The Hobbyist written by Frederic Brown is about a adult male named Sangstrom. Sangstrom was at a prescription pharmaceutics in secret speaking to the Pharmacist about purchasing an undetectable toxicant to kill his married woman. The Druggist asks to follow him into the back room and puts some java into the boiler. The Pharmacist informs Sangstrom that he feels that he deserves the toxicant for free but must pay for the counterpoison. This is when Sangstrom realizes that the Druggist had poisoned his java. Sangstrom terrors and pulls out his gun and points it at the Druggist. The Druggist continues to explicate that if Sangstrom hands over $ 1000 and writes a confession of the slaying of his married woman and the Druggist in instance he did kill either one of them. . the adult male would acquire an counterpoison. Sangstrom gave the money and wrote the confession which the Druggist mailed. The narrative ends with the Druggist being certain that Sangstrom wo uld non be perpetrating any slaying any clip shortly. It was fundamentally a program carried out to blackjack Sangstrom. Character The Druggist is the supporter in the short narrative. â€Å"Hobbyist† . written by Frederic Brown. He is cardinal to the narrative with all the major events holding some importance to him. The Druggist is a mixture of both rounded and dynamic characters since he has many sided and complex personalities that you would anticipate of existent human existences but besides has a personality that changes for the better and worse by the terminal of the narrative. For illustration. at the get downing the Druggist is reflected as a avaricious individual who agrees to sell toxicant for the money he will have despite of the fact that what he is making is incorrect. But by the terminal of the narrative. the Druggist turns out to be a harmless and sort individual who blackmails Sangstrom in giving the money without giving the toxicant and still prevents Sangstrom from slaying his married woman. The physical features of the Druggist are old. around 60 old ages of age. hunchbacked. with a long white face fungus. since in the text he is described as a dwarf like and gnarled adult male. The Druggist is an intelligent adult male. I know this because the text says. â€Å"Oh. one other thing-although I do non perfectly insist on it. Please aid distribute the word about my undetectable toxicant. will you? One neer knows. Mr. Sangstrom. The life you save. if you have any enemies. merely might be your ain. † This proves how through blackmailing people he tries to salvage lives. The Druggist is brave because the text says. â€Å"Or if you think I’m bluffing. that you’re truly non poisoned. travel in front and shoot. † This proves that he wasn’t scared of the gun. The Druggist is a careful adult male because the text says. â€Å"Whom do you desire to kill and why? † This proves that he wants to cognize everything in the head of the murdered bef ore he gives anything to him. Sangstrom is the adversary in the short narrative. â€Å"Hobbyist† . written by Frederic Brown. He is the individual that opposes the Druggist. Sangstrom like the Druggist is besides a mixture of both rounded and dynamic characters since he has many sided and complex personalities that you would anticipate of existent human existences but besides has a personality that changes for the better and worse by the terminal of the narrative. For illustration. at the beginning of the narrative Sangstrom is reflected as a typical bad or nefarious type individual desiring to kill his married woman. However right after the flood tide. merely like a nefarious character. his reaction to being blackmailed was indicating his gun at the Druggist. Sangstrom was forced into non killing his married woman in the fright of acquiring caught by the constabulary if the confession missive was mailed. The physical features of Sangstrom are tall. thin. unsafe looking. and a individual with highly pale tegument since in the text he is described as looking highly pale when he realizes that the java he merely imbibe had toxicant in it. Sangstrom is impatient because the text says. â€Å"Does it matter? Isn’t it enough that I pay for-â€Å" . This proves how impatient he was to acquire the toxicant to kill his married woman every bit shortly as possible. Sangstrom is fleeceable because the text says. â€Å"I heard a rumor to the consequence that you have a wholly undetectable poison† . This proves how easy he was tricked and deceived by words to believe something that was non true. Sangstrom is determined because the text says. â€Å"He pulled a handgun out from his pocket. † This proves that he was determined to acquire both the counterpoison and the toxicant through the agencies of his gun.

Audiovisual Cues in Bilingual Language Acquisition

Audiovisual Cues in Bilingual Language Acquisition Article title: Bilingualism modulates infants’ selective attention to the mouth of a talking face Authors: Pons, F., Bosch, L., Weikum et al., 2007). Significant research has been conducted to explore the auditory domain of bilingual language acquisition and there is strong evidence that both bilinguals and monolinguals rely on redundant audiovisual speech (Rosenblum, 2008; Stein, 2012; Sebastià ¡n-Gallà ©s et al., 2012). However, this paper seeks to understand the importance of audiovisual cues as a mechanism that bilingual infants utilize during complex language processing in comparison to monolingual infants. METHODS (234 words) To test these predictions they conducted two experiments each on infants whose native languages were Spanish/Catalan. The goal of the first experiment was to extend the findings of previous studies about monolingual, native English speaking, infants’ use of audiovisual speech cues to infants whose native languages are eithe r Spanish or Catalan. Sixty monolingual infants (with native languages of either Spanish or Catalan) participated in this experiment and formed three groups: 4, 8 and 12 month-old infants with 20 participants in each group. Stimuli, 45-second videos of one of two female actors speaking a monologue in English or Spanish/Catalan, were presented on a computer screen in front of the infant. Each infant watched one video of a monologue in their native language and a second video of a monologue in English. Throughout the procedure, an eye-tracker was utilized to enable researchers to collect data about their attention to two areas of interest (AOI), the speaker’s mouth and eyes. The second experiment investigated how bilingual infants’ selective attention to these AOI changes and develops in their first year of life. 63 Spanish-Catalan bilingual infants (once again divided into groups of 4, 8 and 12-month-olds) were presented with the same stimuli as in the first experimen t and researchers tracked their eye movements to AOI. They conducted a Mann-Whitney test to compare the vocabularies of the monolingual and bilingual infants and found no significant difference between their lexica. DISCUSSION (399 words) The results from the first experiment successfully extended the findings of Lewkowicz and Hansen Tift’s (2012) study to monolingual speakers in Spain of Catalan or Spanish. They saw the same developmental trends with language acquisition and attention to AOI with this group of infants: when presented with both native and non-native audiovisual stimuli 4-month-old infants spent more time attending to the eyes of the speaker and 8-month-old infants spend more time attending to the mouth of the speaker. When presented with stimuli in their native language, the 12-month-old infants spent equal time looking at the mouth and eyes but with stimuli in their non-native language they spent more time looking at the mouth than the eyes. One of th e most intriguing comparisons explores the differences between the monolingual and bilingual infants’ developmental pattern of attention during audiovisual stimuli presentation (comparing Experiment 1 and 2). They found the biggest differences at 4-months and 12-months. 4-month-old bilingual infants attended equally to the mouth and eyes while the 4-month-old monolinguals spent more time attending to the eyes. 12-month-old bilingual infants spent more time attending to the mouth in both native and non-native language presentation while the monolinguals attended more to the mouth only in non-native trials. On average the bilingual infants spent more time attending to the mouth of the speaker than monolinguals at their same age. These findings support evidence that audio input is not the sole contributor to language acquisition and differentiation. Visual cues are crucial in understanding and interpreting speech because there is not a 1:1 relationship between speech signals a nd meaning; we must use hermeneutics and external cues to make sense of language. The McGurk Effect demonstrates this idea: when just using audio input a person hears â€Å"ba, ba† but when provided with audiovisual stimulus, a person hears â€Å"da da† as a result of hearing â€Å"ba, ba† but seeing the mouth produce â€Å"ga ga.† These early studies illustrate the importance of visual input but do not explore how this reliance on external cues during development is different for bilinguals. This paper offers fascinating evidence that shows how monolingual and bilingual infants rely on audiovisual input to acquire, perceive and comprehend language. Research still must explore how these effects continue after 12 months old, once native and non-native language systems are more defined: do bilingual young adults still look more at the mouth than the eyes of a speaker? REFERENCES Bijeljac-Babic, R., Serres, J., Hà ¶hle, B., & Nazzi, T. (2012). Effect of bilingualism on lexical stress pattern discrimination in French-learning infants. PLoS ONE , 7 (2), e30843.       Bosch, L., & Sebastià ¡n-Gallà ©s, N. (2001b). Evidence of early language discrimination abilities in infants from bilingual environments. Infancy , 2 , 29-49. Lewkowicz, D. J., & Hansen-Tift, A. M. (2012). Infants deploy selective attention to the mouth of a talking face when learning speech. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA , 109 , 1431-1436. Oller, D. K., Eilers, R. E., Urbano, R., & Cobo-Lewis, A. B. (1997). Development of precursors to speech in infants exposed to two languages. Journal of Child Language , 24 , 407-426. Pons, F., Bosch, L., & Lewkowicz, D.J. (2014). Bilingualism modulates infants’ selective attention to the mouth of a talking face. Psychological Science , 26.4, 490-498. Rosenblum, L. D. (2008). Speech perception as a multimodal phenomenon. Current Directions in Psychological Science , 17 , 405-409. Stein, B. E. (2012). The new handbook of multisensory process- ing . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Weikum, W. M., Vouloumanos, A., Navarra, J., Soto-Faraco, S., Sebastià ¡n-Gallà ©s, N., & Werker, J. F. (2007). Visual lan- guage discrimination in infancy. Science , 316 , 1159.

Business and Marketing Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business and Marketing Strategies - Essay Example There has been a recent increase in health-related issues because now people are concerned about their diet more than ever before. The number of diseases caused by unhealthy eating have increased due to the rise chemical additives and genetically modified foods. Therefore, the number of people choosing to opt for organic food is increasing all the time. Organic foods are produced naturally, without using chemical synthetics or fertilizers, and not processed by irradiations. This report analyses how to carry out marketing for a restaurant offering healthy meals for public consumption.  There has been a recent increase in health-related issues because now people are concerned about their diet more than ever before. The number of diseases caused by unhealthy eating have increased due to the rise chemical additives and genetically modified foods. Therefore, the number of people choosing to opt for organic food is increasing all the time. Organic foods are produced naturally, without us ing chemical synthetics or fertilizers, and not processed by irradiations. This report analyses how to carry out marketing for a restaurant offering healthy meals for public consumption.   Spud BAR is focused on the restaurant industry; more specifically, organic and healthy meals. Another component is delivery services to customers.These meals should be prepared using only natural foods such as vegetables, fruits, and meats.   This project will look at peoples’ need for healthy food and will try to educate society about decreasing the rate of diseases caused through bad eating habits. A. The Purpose of this Project Spud Bar is a Melbourne-based health-food restaurant that is planning to open up branches in Adelaide. Our project will give recommendations as to whether this move will be a success or not. We will base our recommendations on various conditions such as economic, cultural, and demographic factors. The major purpose for this move is to increase the company†™s profits while still offering good service to customers. Also, the report will provide the company with suitable business and marketing strategies to improve competitiveness and help the company become successful in the marketplace. B. Target Market 1. People who suffer from obesity The rates of obesity in Australia as a whole, and more specifically Adelaide, have risen over the last decade. The types of people who will benefit from this project are those who look to minimise the number of calories that they eat every day. This project will focus on these types of people by offering them a variety of foods that are suitable for them and can be arranged in advance. 2. Old people and patients Due to their health conditions, those who are either retired or ill are recommended to eat specific dietary meals. More specifically, these meals should have less fat in conjunction with being nutritious. It is very difficult to get this balance right, and this presents to us a target market that is relatively untapped. 3. Local universities students and employees The Adelaide Central Business District (Adelaide CBD) includes three universities (University of Adelaide, University of South Australia, and Flinders University) along with the Adelaide Royal Hospital and a large number of companies. Opening a branch in this location will help us to reach thousands of local students. 4. Preparing meals for events: The company can organise meals for events such as birthday parties, graduation ceremonies, and so on. Discounts can be given to such events, as the order will include large quantities of